Question 1 – BPM
Has a GOALS
Has specific INPUTS
Use RESOURCES
Perform ACTIVITIES in some order
Has specific OUTPUT
Creates END VALUE to Customers
1.GOALS: To bridge the gap between buyer and seller for agriculture products
2. Input: Customer data,markering campangin and trained employee.
2. Input: Agriculture products like fertilizers, seeds and pesticides details from the manufacturing Companies, Needs of the farmers, 
3. Resourses: Wrehouse, software and office space
3. Resources: Software for Web and Mobile Application, Database to store the data, Web Interface, Employee, Inventory for product storage, 
4:Outputs: Sales revenew and effeciency.
4. Output: UI for the User(farmer/buyer), UI for manufacturers
5.Activites:Excellent customer service, partner with leading brands.
5. Activities: End to end product lifecycle, Release of the final product, Support  to the manufacturer, Support to the Customer(Farmers), Maintenance of the Application/Product
6:Value:Wide range, customer satisfaction.
6. Value: Solving the problems faced by the Farmers, Easy accesibilty of the farming product, Reduced time for the buying process, Direct communication between manufacturer and farmer

Question 2 – SWOT -
➢ SWOT, which stands for strengths, weaknesses, 
opportunities and threats, is an analytical 
framework that can help your company face its 
greatest challenges and find its most promising new 
markets.
➢ A SWOT analysis is an organized list of your 
business’s greatest strengths, weaknesses, 
opportunities, and threats.
➢ Strengths and weaknesses are internal to the 
company (think: reputation, patents, location).
➢ Opportunities and threats are external (think: 
suppliers, competitors, prices)
Strength: Purpose of the project is clear, Stakeholder is present for the UIT
Weakness: Allignment of the manufacturer for this product, Making awareness among the farmers about this product, 
Opportunity: To build a new product for the betterment of farmers
Threat: To complete the project in 18 months, Accessibility of the product as the Users are new to this filed
Question 3 – Feasibility study
The feasibility study focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed idea”.
Possibility of doing a project within some constraints like technology, budget & time.
Technology includes Software, Hardware and Trained Resources.
1. Technology: Based on the database servers, payment gateways, security and API's.
2.Hardware: Based on storage, backup systems, network infrastructure.
3.Software: Based on shopping cart software, content mangement system and payment gateay software.
4.Resources: Project management team, business analyst and software developer.
5.Budget: Various cost involved such as  Development cost and Hardware cost.
6.Time frame: Based on tresourced and No of features.
Question 4 – Gap Analysis
Gap Analysis is a strategic tool used to compare an organization's current state to its desired future state, with the goal of identifying "gaps" or discrepancies that need to be addressed to achieve objectives. It helps organizations understand where they are now, where they want to be, and what actions are needed to bridge the difference.
Current State: The existing performance, processes, or outcomes.
Desired State: The goals, standards, or benchmarks the organization aims to achieve.
As-Is: There is no product avaialble in the market for the farming product to be sold online.
To-Be: To build an entire new product with all the necessary detail and user friendly so that its easy to be used and maintain.
Question 5 – Risk Analysis
An uncertain event or condition which can have impact on either cost, time and scope. Risk Analysis is the process to identify the business, financial, technological & operational risk.
Internal Risk: Dependece on external vendor for product supply on inventory management.
High opreating expenses due to investments in technology and marketing.
External Risk: Intense competion from other Online Agriculture Products Store in india.
Changes in goverment regulation and policies that affect the e-commerce industury.
BA Risk:
Incomplete requirements
Domain Knowledge
Change in requirements.
Project based risk:
Scope risk.
Stakholder risk.
Question 6 – Stakeholder Analysis (RACI Matrix) 
A RACI matrix is a tool used in project management and organizational decision-making to clearly define and document roles and responsibilities for specific tasks, activities, or deliverables. It helps ensure accountability, avoid confusion, and improve communication among team members.
Key Stakeholders: Peter, Kevin and Ben 

Question 7 – Business Case Document
Why is this project is initiated?
What are the current problem?
With the project how manu problwms could be solved?
What are the resources required?
How much organizational change is required to adopt this technology?
What is the Time frame to recover ROI?
How to identify stakeholders?
Question 8 – Four SDLC Methodologies
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology is a structured approach used to design, develop, test, deploy, and maintain software systems. It outlines a series of steps or phases that guide the software development process, ensuring high-quality outcomes that meet user needs and project objectives.
Waterfall Model: Sequential process; each phase must be completed before the next begins.
Agile Model: Iterative and incremental approach focusing on flexibility and collaboration.
Iterative Model: Development in cycles, with feedback used to refine the system.
Spiral Model 
Description: Combines iterative development with risk analysis. Each iteration (spiral) includes planning, risk assessment, development, and evaluation.
Phases: Planning → Risk Analysis → Design → Build → Test → Evaluate → Repeat.
Question 9 – Waterfall RUP Spiral and Scrum Models –
1. Waterfall Model
Description:
A linear, sequential SDLC model where progress flows in one direction—like a waterfall—through distinct phases. Each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
Phases:
Requirements → Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance
Key Features:
Predictable and easy to manage.
Clear deliverables at each stage.
Advantages:
Simple to understand and implement.
Works well for projects with fixed and clear requirements.
Disadvantages:
Inflexible; changes are hard to accommodate.
Testing occurs late in the process, making issue resolution more costly.
Best For:
Projects with well-defined, unchanging requirements (e.g., government or manufacturing systems).
2. Rational Unified Process (RUP)
Description:
RUP is an iterative software development process framework created by IBM. It emphasizes disciplined project management and clear documentation while allowing for flexibility through iterations.
Phases:
Inception: Define scope, business case, and feasibility.
Elaboration: Identify risks, develop architecture, and refine requirements.
Construction: Develop and test the software iteratively.
Transition: Deploy the software to users and provide support.
Key Features:
Iterative and incremental development.
Risk assessment and management are central.
Advantages:
Adaptable to changes during development.
Ensures high-quality software through continuous testing and evaluation.
Disadvantages:
Complex to implement without experienced teams.
Requires substantial resources and planning.
Best For:
Medium to large projects needing structured yet iterative processes.
3. Spiral Model
Description:
A risk-driven SDLC model combining iterative development with systematic risk analysis. It consists of multiple loops (spirals), each representing a development phase.
Phases:
Planning → Risk Analysis → Design → Build → Test → Evaluate → Repeat
Key Features:
Focus on risk management and early identification of issues.
Iterative approach allows for gradual refinement.
Advantages:
Suitable for complex and high-risk projects.
Adapts to changing requirements.
Disadvantages:
High cost and complexity.
Requires expertise in risk management.
Best For:
Large, high-risk projects with evolving requirements (e.g., aerospace, defense systems).
4. Scrum Model (Part of Agile Methodology)
Description:
Scrum is a lightweight, iterative framework under the Agile methodology. It focuses on collaboration, flexibility, and delivering small increments of functional software through time-boxed sprints.
Key Features:
Roles: Scrum Master, Product Owner, and Development Team.
Artifacts: Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment.
Ceremonies: Sprint Planning, Daily Stand-ups, Sprint Review, and Retrospective.
Advantages:
Encourages collaboration and adaptability.
Delivers usable software quickly and regularly.
Disadvantages:
Requires active stakeholder involvement and skilled teams.
May lead to scope creep without proper management.
Best For:
Dynamic projects with frequently changing requirements (e.g., startups, web development).
Question 10 – Waterfall Vs V-Model 
Aspect	Waterfall Model	V-Model	
Structure	Linear and sequential	Sequential with testing paired at each stage.	
Focus	Emphasis on development; testing occurs after coding.	Equal emphasis on development and testing.	
Testing	Conducted only after implementation.	Conducted in parallel with each phase.	
Flexibility	Inflexible; changes are hard to implement.	Inflexible; requires complete requirements.	
Error Detection	Errors detected late in the process.	Early defect detection during development.	
Best For	Small projects with clear requirements.	High-reliability projects with rigorous testing needs.	
Complexity	Simpler to manage and understand.	More structured but involves detailed testing.	
Cost of Changes	High due to late testing.	Lower due to early testing and validation.	

When to Use:
Waterfall: Use for smaller projects with stable requirements and minimal risk of changes.
V-Model: Use for projects where early error detection is critical, and high-quality testing is a priority (e.g., safety-critical systems).
Both models are best suited for environments with well-defined requirements, but the V-Model is more rigorous in terms of testing and validation.

Question 13 – Fixed Bid Vs Billing 

Fixed Bid and Billing are two common pricing models in project management and service delivery. They differ in how costs are estimated, invoiced, and managed during a project.
1. Fixed Bid Model
Definition:
A pricing model where the client and vendor agree on a fixed price for the entire project before work begins, based on the project's defined scope and requirements.
Advantages:
Predictable cost for the client.
Encourages vendors to deliver efficiently within budget.
Reduces financial risk for the client if the project scope is fixed.
Disadvantages:
Limited flexibility for changes once the project starts.
Vendors may include a buffer in pricing to account for potential risks.
Misaligned expectations can lead to disputes if the scope is not clearly defined.
Best For:
Projects with well-defined requirements and minimal changes expected.
Small to medium-sized projects with clear deliverables.

2. Billing 
Definition: A pricing model where the client is billed based on the actual time spent and materials used during the project. Costs are typically calculated using an agreed-upon hourly or daily rate.

Advantages:
Adaptable to changing requirements or priorities.
Promotes collaboration between the client and vendor for iterative improvements.
No need for extensive upfront requirement definitions.
Disadvantages:
Less predictable costs for the client.
Potential for inefficiencies if time management is not strictly monitored.
Requires active oversight to avoid scope creep.
Best For:
Complex or long-term projects with dynamic or evolving requirements.
Agile development environments where incremental progress is made.